Does the prohibition of Riba apply equally to the loans obtained from or extended to Muslims as well as non-Muslims?

With respect to the receipt and payment of interest, there is no distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims or between individuals and states because interest is prohibited not only in Islamic scriptures but also in other religious scriptures of the world as given in Question No. 8 above. Therefore, prohibitions of interest apply to Muslims as well as to non-Muslims. 19 Ibn Saad, Al-Tabqat al-Kubra, Beirut, V.3, P.278 20 Al-Tabari, Tarikh-al-Umam V.3, P.87, Events of the year 23 A.H.